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Precious stones and gems are often referred to as precious stones. This attractive and minerals, as much coveted jewels or other decorations transformed by a process of cutting and polishing. Other rocks, such as lapis lazuli and organic materials such as amber, are not minerals. Yet they are often used in jewelry and often as good as a gemstone. Gemstones are valuable because of its luster or other physical properties, in addition to their rarity, which also gives value.

Leading authority in gemology from the World ARC, the Gemological Institute of America in 1931 and is the world aos largest and most respected non-profit Gemological Institute for Research and Education. They created, in collaboration with other organizations Gemological, jewel ratings support the understanding and appreciation of the properties of gemstones.

The first feature deals gemologists, the chemical composition. For example, many precious crystals, classified on the basis of a crystal cubic or trigonal or monoclinic. Gemstones are classified into groups, species and varieties. For example, the ruby red variety of the species corundum, while another color corundum, sapphire. Gemstones are also based on their hardness, brilliance and refractive index identified.

Although there is no standard set for the classification of precious stones other than diamonds AOS 4 C, the GIA has created a system of selection and purchase of jewels. This system can also help buyers understand what a valuable piece of jewelry worth more than others.

Gemstones and Color

Gems come in almost every color of the spectrum. It is surprising that some stones are available in different colors too. Sapphire, for example, are available in blue, yellow and pink. Gem varieties such as tourmaline and garnet are available in almost every color. Prices for valuable breeds are affected by scarcity, durability and popularity. Less known gems are sometimes surprisingly beautiful and affordable.

Each jewel is the color of the most important value. Hue, hue and saturation are also important factors when considering a jewel, the value of the ODS. Bright, vibrant colors with a tone medium enterprises are most coveted. A Äúgrass, the green gemstone is appreciated as a rule, most of pale celadon, lime or black, hunter green monitor, which is cheaper. Very pale or very dark brown-colored gems are less valuable.

Gemstones and Light

Light is an important factor in assessing the value of a gem. The colors of most gemstones is influenced by light sources. Blue sapphires are often best viewed with a fluorescent light illuminated, while rubies see better under incandescent bulbs. When choosing a jewel, still be considered under different lights, particularly the light will be reflected in the majority.

Gems and Clarity

The stones and form in the soil often inclusions, or secular, SOA terms, a mole. The fewer the inclusions in a piece of jewelry that is rare and precious. But inclusions are also responsible for optical phenomena observed in many gemstones. For example, cat-eye Chrysoberyl AOS and star sapphires, by inclusions, even raising the jewel SOA value. In gems like emeralds and red tourmaline, the presence of inclusions and lack of clarity as to anything of value. Clarity has the greatest impact on the value of gems with pastel colors, because the inclusions are more visible to the naked eye.

Gemstones and weight

The gemstones are sold by weight, one carat in AI, the number of grams fifth measure. Therefore, the buyer can expect to pay more a carat for a large number of small stone. Emeralds, rubies, sapphires and alexandrite, for example, rare in large sizes. Amethyst, citrine, blue topaz, yellow, and often in larger sizes, so that the gems have similar price per carat smaller pieces. To illustrate, one carat of emeralds and rubies carat but not even the same size. Everyone is different minerals with different densities. This density difference allows gemologists also indentify gems.

Gemstones and Cut

Although Mother Nature creates his masterpieces of GEM, it is the gem cutter qualified, which is a jewel, AOS brilliance and beauty of music. How valuable process slightly differently, is the part of unique optical properties of the crystal structure to create. The cut of a jewel refers to the three-dimensional shape of the stone and cut quality, or how well the piece of jewelry, AOS form offers brilliance and beauty.

Remember to determine the threshold of a gem stone that is light for the eyes. Favorite cuts are symmetrical and tail light on the entire surface of the painting.

Artificial and Synthetic Gemstones

Jewelry can be manufactured to imitate other gemstones. For example, the zirconia is a synthetic diamond simulant. Jewels are not made in a laboratory imitations. Diamonds, rubies, sapphires and emeralds are all manufactured in the laboratory and have the same chemical and physical properties that occur naturally in diversity. These synthetic stones cost a fraction of the natural stone. Natural stones are still considered valuable because of their relative scarcity.